The semiconductor industry is a typical representative of the international division of labor and exhibits significant structural differences in global trade in key production segments. By constructing a global semiconductor trade relationship matrix and adopting the Gini coefficient and trade dependence index, the evolution of cross-border trade flows and dependence relationships, as well as trade organization patterns of semiconductor products, equipment and materials, are examined. The results show that: ① The global semiconductor trade is extremely spatially unbalanced, especially the materials and equipment trade is highly concentrated in a few countries or regions on both the supply and demand sides; ② China replaces the United States to become the world’s largest semiconductor trade body, and shapes the regionalized system of manufactured goods and materials trade with East and Southeast Asian countries or regions, but its equipment trade is highly dependent on the United States and European countries or regions; ③ The semiconductor production model has promoted the regionalization of Asia in the trade of manufactured goods and materials, and developed countries or regions such as the United States, the European Union, and Japan and South Korea have maintained their monopolistic advantages in the trade of semiconductor equipment by building exclusive innovation networks and erecting trade barriers. The monopoly of semiconductor equipment trade and the regionalization of manufactured goods and materials trade together constitute the characteristics of global semiconductor trade, and these evolutionary characteristics will be further strengthened in future trade.